Report your results on the Report Sheet. + Nuc CNuc +X. Thermodynamics. The chemical reaction is hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen to form CO 2, H 2 O and heat. OBJECTIVE 1. Abstract. . 323 Words. using known hydrocarbons, and then you will perform the same tests on an unknown hydrocarbon so as to determine its chemical class. . Alkenes and alkynes undergo an addition reaction with bromine . State whether the results of your experiment allowed you to answer the questions that you set out in the introduction. given off in the reaction. Discussion. Cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon and cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon due to the presence of double bond. Higher molecular weight alcohols, aldehydes and ketones . lab. 2. Describe the relative reactivity of alkanes, alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons with respect to their chemical reactions. Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water. Report your results on the Report Sheet. C. Reaction with Potassium Permanganate The Baeyer test for unsaturated hydrocarbons involves reaction with a hydrocarbon with alkene (or alkyne) like double bonds. It is the amount of heat evolved when 1 g molecule of it is completely oxidised. Hydrocarbons. Download & View Chemistry Lab Report - Reaction Of Alcohol as PDF for free. 2. Exp 2: Properties of Hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons and an Alcohol. Write a full lab report (description of experiment, methods, data, analysis . You will test the water solubility and hexane solubility of each compound. Natural gas, methane: CH 4 (g) + 2 O 2 (g) CO 2 (g) + 2 H 2 O (l) comb H = -890.3 kJ/mol CH 4 Propane: C 3 H 8 The IUPAC nomenclature for alkanes and alkyl halides is based on two rules: Rule 1. An aldehyde contains at least one hydrogen attached to the C of a C=O (carbonyl group). 2. KMnO, Observations 2. Hydrocarbons are an organic compound. . Tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride) or cyclohexane are usually used as solvents because they are unreactive toward both bromine and hydrocarbons that have multiple bonds. The major uses of hydrocarbons are as fuels and solvents. 2. Unwrapped test tube with toluene reacted with Br because it is light initiated. 2. (2) Alkenes - These are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Data And Report Submission - Reactions Of Hydrocarbons (22pts) Data and Observations Enter your data and observations into the textfields below. The vast number of hydrocarbons is indicative of the number of different ways the carbons skeleton can be arranged. Post-lab Questions: CHEM M52LA Experiment 8 Page 5 1) Secondary alkyl halides can undergo S N2 and S N1 reactions. Properties and Reactions of Hydrocarbons. Lab report 6. Which hydrocarbon group is the least reactive, why? Alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbon, whereas all the other types are unsaturated. The purple color of the KMnO4 solution disappears and a precipitate of MnO2 is formed. A ketone contains two alkyl groups attached to the C of the carbonyl group. It is the rate of the "spontaneous dissociation" of the leaving . Preparation of Acetylene by hydrolysis of CaC2 Acetylene (ethyne) is formed when water reacts with calcium carbide, CaC2: Equation for the preparation CaC2 (s) + H2O (l) Ca (OH)2 (aq) + HCCH (g) 4. please refer to the Moorpark College Chemistry Department Laboratory Report Rubric found in the lab manual and department website.) My lab partner and I performed a series of experiments to investigate the chemistry of the burning of a candle. You should be able to figure out the other product in this reaction Normal Z . Alternatively, there is an image upload button . The report conveys what you have done in a concise, organized and easy to read fashion. 2% KMnO4 solution (a purple solution) is added drop wise and the solution is shaken. Due to the unshared electron pair, amines can act as both bases and nucleophiles. KMO4 is a purple coloured compound. Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemistry. Reaction of Hydrocarbon Lab Report.docx. . They are the simplest organic compounds. . Reaction of hydrocarbons with bromine: Bromine is a reddish brown liquid, so if it reacts with another chemical, the initial red color will disappear (or at least fade). PART D - REACTION OF HYDROCARBONS WITH POTASSIUM PERMANAGANATE Potassium permanganate (KMO4) is an oxidizer. In this experiment we used a variety of methods to examine the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. The rate of reaction is dependent on the formation of a carbocation intermediate from the alkyl halide. The reactivity of the compounds with certain reactants (3 M HCl(aq), 3 M NaOH(aq), conc. N1 reaction. 7 XXE ELITE (5pts) 3. A distillation is the separation or partial separation of a liquid feed mixture into components or fractions by selective boiling (or evaporation) and condensation. 1.081g of Salicylic acid was obtained after the first synthesis. The teacher provided the following chemical equation to describe the burning, or combustion, in the candle: Hydrocarbon fuel + O2 CO2 + H2O. Political Competency.docx. Lab: Hydrocarbon Isomers. They are all built from organic compounds! Introduction :This experiment is to distinguish saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with the use of bromine test. How would you describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and what is a distinguishing feature of aromatic hydrocarbons. alkanes group).Conversely, unsaturated compounds are compounds that cotain carbon - carbon double bond or . A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group, and in an ester the hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon group of some kind. bio 113 biological molecules of life lab report educated. Reactions of Alcohols, Phenols, Aldehydes and Ketones Experiment #10 Data & Report Sheet Unknown Number _____ Important: Be sure to enter your unknown number. [pic 7] Aromatic hydrocarbons are unreactive with bromine without a catalyst and resulted in the dilution of the color of bromine to orange to yellow. 2. Conclusion and Recommendations In the experiment, it is successful to differentiate alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons through their properties such as solubility as the unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons distinguished by using solubility test also. Analysis of Hydrocarbons Mark B. Carascal**, Vince Ivan M. Camangeg, Keith Oreil A. Castillejo, Jasper Lorenz C. Choy Group 2, 2-Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espaa Manila ABSTRACT: Hydrocarbons can be categorized as saturated aliphatic, unsaturated aliphatic, aromatic and . With your lab assistant Dr. One, you explore how organic compounds are structured, how we name them, and how we represent them in both 2D and 3D. exp 55 lab report docx solubility infrared spectroscopy. ID: 1590279 Language: English School subject: Chemistry Grade/level: GRADE 5 Age: 17+ Main content: Pre lab experiment Other contents: REACTION HYDROCARBON Add to my workbooks (2) Download file pdf Embed in my website or blog Add to Google Classroom For this experiment, the hydrocarbons involved are aliphatic. The hydrocarbons studied were hexane, cyclohexane, toluene and three unknown. When the oxygen is limited, the product will be carbon monoxide and water. The candle we used was a small, white emergency candle about 3.5 cm tall. reaction will slow down by half - only half as many alkyl halides are undergoing reaction! 2 Pages. One way of classifying hydrocarbons is in which way carbon atoms are . The longest chain of carbons in the structure is referred to as the parent chain. 3. ethyl acetate. Lab: Exothermic & endothermic reactions. If the Explains about which hydrocarbons are halide and reactive to the unknown compounds. The properties, which make them ideal for such, will be investigated. The National University . And do the calculations that you will eventually need to include in your report. Reaction with nitrous acid Dissolve the amine (0.5 mL . . The halogens in water and a hydrocarbon solvent (optional) Pour about 2 cm 3 of each of the aqueous halogen solutions into separate test tubes. The reaction is slow at the start and accelerates with increasing concentration of the resulting hydroperoxides. 4. Conclusion: In conclusion, the original molarity of the sodium hydroxide in this experiment is 0.6208 M. According to the concept in dilution, the amount of solute always stays the same regardless of the change in concentration and volume. atoms that shows characteristics set of properties. Because of . 2. All of these studies demonstrate how . Sitemap. 1 Place about 10 g of solid Calcium carbide into a clean and dry distilling flask. Explain your conclusion. Displacement reactions. To study the chemical properties of an alkane and an alkene. At the conclusion of the analysis a brief summary of results should be included, giving the name, b.p. Observe any colour changes and the speed of the changes for five minutes. . This reaction releases energy (exothermic reaction) . The dissociation of carboxylic acid is represented as: 2. 2.5.8 explain that cracking involves the breakdown of larger saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) into smaller more useful ones, some of which are unsaturated (alkenes); and; 2.5.16 determine the presence of a C=C using bromine water; Conclusion. 6. . Conclusion: Based on the results it would seem that substances lose weight when they are burned. Write the balanced equation for calcium carbide (CaC) reacting with water to give off ethyne (acetylene) when reacted with water. This was a white powder and had a melting point range of 134-135 degrees Celsius. Record these observations on your Report Sheet. In the Organic Chemistry Introduction simulation, you will learn what an organic compound is. 1. Hydrocarbons, which contain only of hydrogen and carbon, are divided into three classification which are aliphatic, aromatic, and alicyclic. using hydrocarbons as fuel. It should be written in the past tense using the passive non-personal voice. Reaction of NaHCO 3: Forms salt with sodium bicarbonate solution with the evolution of carbon dioxide. More details. Words: 209; Pages: 3; Preview; Full text; CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT (REACTION OF ALCOHOLS) NAME . Finally, in your conclusion, examine the data based on your goals and predictions for the experiment. . 40% formaldehyde. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Each and every substance onshow more content. All three fuels produce combustion reactions which are exothermic. Three drops of the compound to be tested are dissolved in 2 ml of water or aqueous ethanol. Chemistry Lab Report Ester. organic compounds lab report reviewessays com. 744 Chapter 21 Hydrocarbons Section 221.11.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons MAIN Idea Hydrocarbons are carbon-containing organic compounds that provide a source of energy and raw materials. The immiscibility or miscibility of the hydrocarbons in the different solvent used in the experiment can be observed by . 2) Alcohols undergo oxidation to give aldehydes . Here is an example of a combustion reaction: C 3 H 8 (g) + 5 O 2 (g) 3 CO 2 (g) + 4 H 2 O (g) + heat Combustion reactions also give off a great deal of heat. These fractions include at least one volatile distillate fraction, which has boiled and been separately captured as a vapor . Hypothesis: In any combustion reaction, a hydrocarbon is burned in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. When bonds are formed or broken the most common form of energy released or taken in is heat energy. Oxidation: Reaction with Baeyer's Reagent. An example of an S N1 reaction: CX rate-determining step (slow!) The hydrocarbons can contain single, double or triple bonds. 2.5 Organic chemistry. 1. making sure to briefly state the overall purpose or goal as well as any conclusions. Reaction mechanisms Nu substitution; Cam Scanner 06-28-2021 20; TA notes SYNT 719 Brominating Alkenes; William Ether Synthesis; . Primarily hydrocarbons are divided into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. These cyclic hydrocarbons are called aromatic. Calculate what volume (in mL) it will take to add 5.0 grams of liquid methyl benzoate (density = 1.094 g . CONCLUSION: 1) The alcohols are classified as primary (1), secondary (2) and tertiary (3) alcohols. A combustion reaction is defined as an exothermic reaction, a reaction putting off heat instead of taking in heat. Normal BIU . b) If no immediate reaction occurs, place the reaction near a window (if possible) and leave it while you do parts 2 and 3. If you are asked to draw structure, you can add images of structure drawings to the textfields by dragging images from your computer into the textfields. All in-lab modifications to the procedure must be noted. Summarize your conclusions for Part 1 and Part 2 in your final lab report. Title: Chem 11 Lab . Bromination is defined to be a regioselective reaction meaning bromine has preference of making or breaking a bond over all other . (For . 4: Coal, Oil & Natural gas. The mechanism started off with the protonation of a hydroxyl group from an acid, then that group leaving the molecule as water. or m.p., and formula of the analysed compound. Purpose: text Introduction: text Materials: text Methods/Procedure: text Diagram: Data analysis: Graph: text Graph: text Conclusion: In a paragraph, sum up what you . Aromatic compound needs special condition to react while aliphatic compound react more freely and easily. Reactions of carboxylic acids: Reaction with NaOH: Carboxylic acids being acidic dissolves in NaOH to form sodium salt. The expected results within physical properties for hydrocarbons is that they . In addition, 'free' carbon-centered radicals react rapidly with so far undamaged polymer . Aliphatic. 1. water. Fluorescein Reaction: The anhydrides of aromatic 1,2-dicarboxylic acids on heating with resorcinol gives a dye fluorescein. Test Results (Positive/Negative) Cyclohexene Cyclohexane Unknown C. Oxidation: Potassium Permanganate Test Compound 1. Use 1 ml of the liquid substances and small portions of each of the solid or oily substances. These hydrocarbons are called alkane, alkene and alkyne, respectively. If not, provide a possible explanation for why your experiment was unable to answer these . Comparing results for Part 1 and Part 2, which is a faster reaction for secondary alkyl halides, an . experiment 6 " thin layer chromatography. Data on 1159 RD alliances indicate that the more radical an alliances innovation goals the more . A distillation produces at least two output fractions. Disappearance of Bromine Color (fast/slow) 2. Lab Report on Hydrocarbons. That is the amount of energy released when a given compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions. Chemical Properties of Hydrocarbons 1. Two specific combustion reactions are shown below. ProProfs Quiz Questions and Answers. Reactions of Amines. These results contradict the hypothesis, however, it is noted that during testing some of the smoke escaped from the plate, which may . given off in the reaction. Although formally unsaturated, C6H6CH3 in the sense that it has multiple carbon-carbon double bonds, toluene does not give the usual reactions expected of an alkene. A two-carbon parent chain is called ethane; a three-carbon parent chain, propane; and a four-carbon parent chain, butane. Answers for Predicting Products of Chemical Reactions For all combustion reactions of hydrocarbons or hydrogen-carbon-oxygen molecules, the products will always be CO2 and H2O (assuming a complete reaction). Results provided on data sheet. Add 3 ml of solvent and stir it in case the substance doesn't dissolve. 3. Likewise, the chemical reactivity of an alkane, an alkene and an aromatic compound was compared. To differentiate an alkane from an alkene. The mechanism that was involved was a fairly basic one, but one that reinforces some of the basic ideas in organic chemistry. The laboratory report is a formal report of the experiment performed. Let's see if I can help you interpret the results of this experiment, one part at a time. Carbons can be found linking in a closed cycle containing a benzene ring. The following tests can be used to identify carboxylic acids: 1. Aromatic Hydrocarbons such as toluene will be used in each of the following experiments. The hydroxyl group in carboxylic is far more acidic than that in alcohol. 95% propanol. Conclusion The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the physical properties of hydrocarbons, as well as their solubility and density. Both hydrocarbons produce carbon dioxide and water during combustion test. BroIn this experiment of the relative rates of free-radical chain bromination, we were expected to be able to determine the relative reactivates of the many types of hydrogen atoms involved toward bromine atoms. Essays Related to n-Butyl Bromide Organic Chemistry Lab Report. Good Essays. All hydrocarbons will burn in the presence of oxygen (in the air). If you were successful, state so. Hydrocarbons. Addition Reaction: Bromine Test Compound 1. lab report determining reactions of aldehydes and ketones. 1.600g of aspirin was obtained after the second synthesis. INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbons are compounds that consists carbon and hydrogen only. encouragement like stirring with a stirring rod.) elements. Test Results (Positive/Negative) Cyclohexene . REPORT ON REACTION OF HYDROCARBONS BY SALIFU MUSAH (CME05061081) INTRODUCTION Organic compound are compounds which we mostly use in our daily life activities and except for few inorganic salts and ever-present water, everything we put or on body being food, medicine . Reactivity with Potassium Permanganate: Dissolve 6 drops of each hydrocarbon in 2 mL of ethanol (a solvent) in separate clean dry test tubes. Conclusion: In a paragraph, sum up what you have learned. Procedure. The carbon in the carbonyl is sp2 hybridized, has a bond angle of 120o, and is trigonal planar. reactions a compound undergoes are considered chemical properties. Classification and Identification of Hydrocarbons Lab report. Observe whether a slow reaction occurs and note your observations. Conclusion: We can conclude that all the reaction for aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons comparison can be determined by their reactions, saturation potential, and conjugation. 3: Cyclic Hydrocarbons. Lab 2.doc; Solution Preview. Add equal volumes of hydrocarbon solvent to each tube, stopper the tube and, holding your thumb over the bung, shake the mixture by inverting the test tube a few times. Be sure to Carboxylic acid turns blue litmus red. Record on the report sheet whether the compound is completely soluble, partially soluble, or insoluble in the water. Continuation of CHEM 2223 utilizing mechanistic interpretations of reaction of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids and amines. KMO4 is a purple coloured compound. Reactions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons B. Cyclohexene burns and produces more soot because of the higher . 11. Unit 03: Properties of Matter > . It was thin, short white crystals and had a melting point range or 154-155 degrees Celsius. In this lab you will determine some of the properties of a small group of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. The major source of aliphatic hydrocarbons is petroleum, an extremely complex mixture of compounds. A functional group is a chemically bond. Once the reaction is clearly going, prepare for Phase 3, in which you will add the methyl benzoate ester electrophile to the carbanion that you are making. Potassium Permanganate Test: 1. Aliphatic is defined as an open chains of . Using . The four classes of hydrocarbons are as follows: (1) Alkanes - These are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds. Br 2 that you add disappears, then that is a color change for the Br 2, and a reaction took place between the Br 2 and the organic chemical. Reaction of Hydrocarbons - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. 6. REPORT SUMMARY 2. Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds. A negative test is if there no precipitate. You will not receive credit for lab if you have the same unknown number as another person in this lab section. Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Test. The oxidation of hydrocarbons is a free radical-initiated autocatalytic chain reaction. INTRODUCTION Organic compound are compounds which we mostly use in our daily life activities and except for few inorganic salts and ever-present water, everything we put or on body being food, medicine, cosmetics and clothing consist of organic compounds. lab report on organic compounds in foods kibin. Reactions of Hydrocarbons Experiment #2 Pre-Lab Exercise 1. Parts A, B and D. Chemical Tests of Alcohols and Aldehydes Produce well-reasoned written or oral arguments using evidence to support conclusions. Heat of combustion is a way of measuring how much energy is output from a combustion reaction, the energy that is output is usually in the form of heat. Real-World Reading Link If you have ridden in a car or a bus, you have used hydrocarbons. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)is used as a catalyst for this reaction in order to accelerate the rate at . This reaction is called combustion, and the products of this reaction are water and carbon dioxide gas. Reactions of Hydrocarbons . If the A. Litmus Test. 0 Summary The aim of this experiment is to synthesize methane, ethene, and ethyne and to characterize the prepared methane, ethene, and ethyne. After which we test the mixture wherein the color fade and for the final reaction mixture for the presence of hydrogen bromide we add ten drops distilled water and shake to mix the layers. 3. Introduction. . Results. Methanol will also be examined. Rinse the test tubes with water, then with a small portion of acetone, then with a small portion of The gasoline and diesel fuel that are used in cars, trucks, and . Welcome to BrainMass. Students, who successfully complete the hydrocarbon reaction lab and produce a corresponding satisfactory digital media report, will ideally have engaged in the assignment for at least three hours in lab followed by an additional 2-3 hours completing the digital components of the lab. Aldehydes and ketones react with primary amines to give a reaction product (a carbinolamine) that dehydrates to . Record these observations on your Report Sheet. It is not easily oxidized, and preferably undergoes substitution rather than addition . that contains carbon and hydrogen and they are classified according to their structure. Hydrocarbons with multiple bonds (unsaturated hydrocarbons except most cycloalkanes) react with bromine. In the reactions we will perform in this experiment, hexane will be used to represent the saturated hydrocarbons, cyclohexene will be used as an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and toluene, the aromatic hydrocarbon. The reaction between a hydrocarbon and oxygen is a process called combustion, which creates carbon dioxide and water. Insert the stem of a separatory funnel into a cork . 1. They are extremely important to our society because so many products are derived from them: fuels, fabrics, plastics, antifreezes, anaesthetics, insecticid es, to name a few. Esters are derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols with the presence of a catalyst. Reaction with bromine. Aldehydes and ketones have dipole-dipole attractions between molecules, and no . C. Krhnke, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012 8.14.2 Thermo-Oxidative Degradation. Discard the contents of the tubes into the sink and wash down the drain with water. 1384 days since Last Day of School. PART D - REACTION OF HYDROCARBONS WITH POTASSIUM PERMANAGANATE Potassium permanganate (KMO4) is an oxidizer. Mechanical systems utilize this energy to do work. Unit 2: Further Chemical Reactions, Rates and Equilibrium, Calculations and Organic Chemistry. The following sections should be clearly labeled and . Even though you can draw double bonds . The bonding patterns vary with each hydrocarbon family (alkane, alkene, alkyne, aromatic). Saturated hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only single covalent bonds between all carbon atoms in the molecule (e.g. Acid halides react with amines to form substituted amides. Combustion's main purpose is to create an oxidized material. Hydrocarbons, nitrohydro-carbons, alkyl or aryl halides, esters and ethers. When reacted with acids, amines donate electrons to form ammonium salts. Observe any colour changes and the speed of the changes for five minutes. Hydrocarbons because of their number and variety are classified into different ways. Next, was a 1,2-methyl shift which caused a very stable carbocation to form. 569. experiment 1 " Hydrocarbons are organic materials that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms, these molecules can be saturated or unsaturated and acyclic, cyclic, or aromatic. Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms (PREFIX+ANE).